光记住公式还远远不够。重要是要学会参悟语境，这是学好英语时态最重要也是最难做的。参悟语境，即通过上下文，抓住时间点，然后依据相关的时态规则，选定正确的时态。想做到这一点，平时要多听多看。听多了，看够了，感觉就找到了，就能够运用自如了。下面先列出一些句子，认真地读，仔细地悟，看看能否找到感觉。

1. He is always ready to help others.\/ She always wears a red dress.\/ She never stops talking!\/ I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day.

2. She likes playing basketball.\/ She loves to tell jokes.

3. Everything goes well.\/ There goes the bell.

4. Workers face tough times abroad.

5. The train leaves at 10:20 a.m.

6. I’ll go with you as soon as I return home.\/

7. If you work hard， you will succeed next year.

8. Whatever you say， I will not change my mind.

9. She often cried when she was a girl.\/ I often went swimming in my hometown.

10. I went to the post office just now.\/ I saw a film last night.

11. I didn’t know you were here.

12. Alice will come next week.\/ Kids won’t go to school. They’ll study at home on computers.\/ How will the world be different in the future， 100 years from now?

13. Fish will die without water.\/ He will often go to work without having breakfast.\/ That will be Xiao Li at the door， I think.\/-Would you mind moving your bike?–Sorry， I’ll do it right away.

14. She is going to speak on TV this evening.\/ If it is fine， we will go fishing.\/ A meeting is to be held at 3 o’clock this afternoon.

15. When my mum saw this photo of me jumping off a bridge， she made me promise that I’d never do it again.

16. The baby is crying now.\/ He is learning Chinese now.\/ I know you are arriving next Sunday.\/ I think there will be no traffic problems by the year 2050 because many of us will be working at home using computers.

17. I don’t really work; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.\/ We’re training every day this week to prepare for our next match.

18.–Lily， Here is a call for you.–Oh， I’m coming.

19. They were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get the book she had left in the office.\/ That evening Scrooge was sitting in front of his fire at home when ， suddenly， he saw a ghost in front of him.\/ I was supposed to arrive at 7:00 ， but I arrived at 8:00.

20. He was always making the same mistake.\/ She is always talking loud in public.

21. He has turned off the light.\/ How much have you learned so far?\/ She has already tidied her room.\/ In the last thirty years， the Internet has grown rapidly.\/ Lovers have suffered since ancient times the sorrows of parting.多情自古伤离别。\/ We will have finished our work by 8 o’clock tomorrow.

22. He has written 6 books so far.\/ My life has changed a lot in the last few years.\/ How long have you been collecting shells?

23. This is the first time I have come here.\/ This was the third time (that) she had made the same mistake.

24. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.\/ We have all played with snow and ice.

25. By then he had learned English for six years.\/ He had finished writing the book by the end of last month.\/ He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.\/ She said that she had forgotten to do hers.\/ He said that he had been painting the house all day.\/ I had thought you would come tomorrow.\/ We were to meet at about 5.\/ By eight o’clock tomorrow we will have been working for ten hours.

36.英语情态动词简介

英语里的情态动词，通俗地说就是说话的态度问题。就是所谓的态度决定一切（Attitude determines everything.）。说话要留有余地，不能把话说绝了，要客观公正，不主观武断（might， may， could ， can， will， should， ought to ）。能（can\/ be able to）还是不能(can't)，要实事求是。敢(dare)不敢(daren't)做是一回事，该(should\/ought to ，)不该(shouldn't \/ough to )做是另一回事。有没有决心(will)做也是一个关键性问题。还有就是，该肯定时肯定(must\/shall\/have to)，不能一味否定(mus\/shan't)。是过去常做的(used to \/would)还是现在常做的(will)也要说明白。是肯定做了(must have done)，可能做了(can\/could have done)，还是本不该做而做了(shouldn't have done\/ought to have done )，本不必做而做了(needn't have done)，这些都是要弄清楚的，不能含糊，含糊可能要犯错误的。

说的多多不如做的多，还是看例句后再说。仔细观摩，认真揣测，深刻领会，用于实践。

1. You must came early.\/He must be sleeping now.\/ Must you make so much noise?\/ This is a class A hike-you have to be fit.

2. He can swim.\/ He can’t be at home.\/You can’t be telling us the truth.\/ You can’t be careful enough.\/You can never be too careful.

3.–Might \/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?–Yes， you may\/can.\/Your mother may be waiting for you to go home.\/ This may not be done by her.\/ May we never forget each other.\/He may well be proud of his son.\/You may as well do it at once.\/ He might be running to catch a bus.\/ You might as well argue with a stone wall.

4. If you will come， we’ll be very pleased.\/ She will listen to records， alone in her room for hours.

5. She was frightened of the animals， so she wouldn’t come to the zoo.\/ Would you please come with us?\/ Before he came back from the front， his mother would sit here waiting for him.

6. The boy wasn’t able to walk when he was years old.\/ The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.

7. Shall the driver wait outside?\/ You shall answer for what you did!\/ It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

8. I should go and visit him this afternoon， but I wonder if I will be free.\/ We should arrive before dark.\/ That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.

9. he needn’t do it .\/ He doesn’t need to do it. The floor needn’t sweeping \/ to be swept.

10. I didn’t know whether he dared say that to him.\/ He didn’t dare (to) do it.\/ He dared not do it.

11. It must have rained last night for the road is quite muddy.

12.-Can she have gone to her aunt?–No， she can’t have gone to her aunt’s. I saw her just now.\/ She came here on foot， but she could have come by bus.\/ He cannot have forgotten it.

13. It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed.\/ He may not have finished the work.

14. You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.\/ You shouldn’t have told her the truth.\/ You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.

15. You needn’t have taken a taxi here， for it was very near to my house.\/ There is no school today. You needn’t have come.

16. You had better not have scolded her.

17. I would love to have gone to the party last night， but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

18. I raised objections at the meeting， but now I would rather not have done that.

19. He must have been there yesterday， wasn’t he?\/ He must have been there， hasn’t he？\/ He can’t have been there yesterday， was h？\/He can’t have been there， has he？

20. You used to be short didn’t you ?

37.什么什么的干活

吃什么，穿什么，用什么，说什么，写什么，玩什么，什么什么的没有一天离开过我们的生活，什么已然成了生活的必需。其实也早已成为高考英语试卷的热门句式。细心的人不难发现几乎每年的高考英语试卷都能见到它的踪影。虽说是英语试卷的常客，真正能熟悉它的不是全部。所以我想就此家伙的行踪作一专题介绍，希望有更多的人能够跟它做知根知底的朋友。

什么什么的，在英语中不总是翻译成什么，就像网友取网名一样，它也有不同的称谓，如某某的话，某某的东西，某某的事等。吃什么，穿什么，用什么，做什么等可以分别说成what to eat\/what someone eats ，what to wear\/what someone wears， what to use\/what someone uses， what to do\/what someone does， etc。美的，丑的，好的，坏的，善的，恶的等可以说成what is beautiful， what is ugly， what is good， what is bad， what is right， what is evil etc。

下面介绍一些成语和名人名言，通过双语视窗\/中英对照进行观察分析，（或者通过中英互译练习）顺便掌握有关“what“的英语热门句式。

1.Record whatever one hears.有闻必录。

2.Make what is good still better.锦上添花。

3.Each does what he thinks is right.各行其是。

4.What we do willingly is easy.世上无难事，只要肯登攀。

5.No one picks up what's left by the wayside.道不拾遗。

6.What's frequently heard can be repeated in detail.耳熟能详。

7.What we learn with pleasure we never forget.乐意学的东西绝不会忘记。

8.What you hear may be false， what you see is true.耳听为虚，眼见为实。

9.Do what one thinks is right regardless of others' opinions.独行其是。

10.Maintain your enthusiasm no matter what happens.无论发生什么事都保持热情。

11.A wise man cares not for what he cannot have.聪明的人不在乎他不能得到的东西。

12.Master what is limited and one will be able to reach what is boundless.掌握有限，通达无限。

13.What is past is beyond help， what's to come is not yet lost.往者不可谏，来者犹可追。-《论语》

14.When one's hungry one eats what there is ;when one's cold one wears what one has.饥不择食，寒不择衣。

15.A man can ，indeed， be said to be eager to learn who is conscious ，in the course of a day， of what he lacks and who never forgets， in the course of a month， what he has mastered.日知其所亡，月无望其所能，可谓好学也已矣。-《论语》

38.蚂蚁爱英语

生物书，英语书都曾有过关于蚂蚁的报道。我也是从那里知道了蚂蚁的一鳞半爪。报道说：蚂蚁社会分工明确，各司其职，互不越位，爱岗敬业，任劳任怨，无蚁偷懒。另据报道，蚂蚁爱清洁也是出了名的。蚂蚁所到之处，是不留脏污的。蚂蚁深知，脏了周边环境，不利于自己生存。除此之外，蚂蚁对英语也是或多或少有贡献的。我们深知，英语在世界上的使用范围是很广的，由此推断，蚂蚁对英语有贡献，也就是对世界的贡献。蚂蚁是动物世界里的清洁卫士，也是人类世界的语言天使。空口无凭，有例为证。

我在英语词汇的海洋里，顺手打捞了一些蚂蚁(ants)，为蚂蚁的精神所感动。蚂蚁从不因为小，就自暴自弃。蚂蚁总是喜欢做些力所能及的事，哪怕是为人类。请看蚂蚁的奉献。

你的账户(account)需要蚂蚁(ant)来帮助，于是有了(accountant)。

能否公平公正地给予(accord)离不开蚂蚁(ant)来帮衬，于是又了和谐(accordant)。

从北极(Arctic)到南极(Antarctica)，数蚂蚁最为勇敢。

Ant和her在一起成就了雄蕊之粉囊(anther)。

蚂蚁(ant)之小，成就了大象(elephant)之大。

喜欢(fond)吃软糖的，给你(fondant)。

学会观察，成为观察力强的人（observant）。

Page 和ant 联合，成为壮观的场面。

巨人，杰出的人(giant)从来不小视蚂蚁（ant）。

好习惯成就好人生，居住者(habitant)多半有好习惯。

要申请，要上诉，请蚂蚁帮助（appellant;applicant）。

Aspire找到了蚂蚁(ant)，成为名副其实的有上进心的人（aspirant）。

学习蚂蚁（ant）任劳任怨的精神，就会拥有一个光辉的前程（a brilliant future）。

凡事皆有另外。说了蚂蚁N多的好，蚂蚁家族中可能也有不受欢迎的少数派。如(arrogant)总是骄傲自大；(malignant)有毒的，有恶意的；(pollutant)污染物质，等等。

君子坦淡淡，小人常戚戚。多看主流，不与少数派蚂蚁斤斤计较。

39.填空题比选择题更适合培养想象力

填空题比选择题更适合培养想象力，而想象力比知识更重要。看下面这道填空题，仔细观察题中所给的信息，想象出可能的答案，尤其要注意影响答案正确与否的关键词。请看例句The ship was_____for some rocks.

有几人想出下面不同的答案：1.made 2. repaired 3.destroyed 4.blocked 5.filled 6.heading 7.hit 8.built

每一个答案从句义上看都具有其合理性，但正确答案只有一个，即6.heading。因为受前后词语搭配影响，别的答案句义通，但语法搭配不合理。而heading 不仅句义通，而且语法也正确。

这道题一方面需要答题者尽情地发挥想象力，另一方面还要具有一定的语言基础知识，要看你的短语掌握的怎样。此题的成功之处在于不仅仅是为了选对ABCDEFG中的某一个，这远远不够。激发了做题者的想象力，这才是最重要的。

答案1.made for前不用 was；答案2.repaired后不能接for some rocks；答案3.destroyed后面应接by；答案4.blocked后面也应接by；答案5.filled后面应该跟with连用；答案7.hit要么后面接by短语，或者去掉它前面的was和后面的by;答案8.built后面for some rocks改换成in短语，或将rocks换成别的某个对象。答案6.heading与for连用表达朝某人或某物的方向移动。这句话的中文意思是：这艘船正驶向礁石。